top of page


15. Links (General)

​

    This section covers the following categories:

​

    C - Online Calculators & Converters

    D - Datasheets & Standards

    E - Electronics

    F - Forums

    G - General Interest

    H - Health

    I - Instruments & Equipment
    M - Mechanical engineering   

    S - Software

    U - Scientific Units

    W - Archived Web pages

​

    Due to the prevalence of broken links, copies of documents (blue) are provided where possible
    (see bottom of this page).

​

​

1.  ONLINE CONVERTERS & CALCULATORS

​

C1  An incredibly useful site that rotates videos online for free
    http://www.rotatevideo.org

​

C2  (a) Magnetic force calculator based on material dimensions

    https://www.kjmagnetics.com/calculator.asp?calcType=sphere

    (b) Magnet material strength grading graph and other useful information
    https://www.kjmagnetics.com/blog.asp?p=magnet-grade

​

C3  Electromagnetic frequency, wavelength and energy calculators

    http://halas.rice.edu/conversions
    http://www.1728.org/freqwave.htm

​

C4  Convert milliTesla to Gauss, singular or batch (and links to lots of other great converters)
    http://www.endmemo.com/sconvert/mtgs.php 

​

C5  (a) Excellent suite of dB, dBm, dBV, rms, peak voltage calculators
    http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-volt.htm

    (b) decibels <> voltage gain (or current) <> power gain:
    https://www.daycounter.com/Calculators/Decibels-Calculator.phtml
    (c) Watts <> dBm <> Volts:

    https://www.random-science-tools.com/electronics/dBm-Watts-volts.htm 
    (d) dBm <> volts & vice versa:

    http://coretechgroup.com/dbm_calculator

    (e) Attenuator circuits explained:

    https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-1/attenuators/
 

C6  Resistive potential divider calculator
    http://www.electronics2000.co.uk/calc/potential-divider-calculator.php

    Another potential divider calculator
    http://www.random-science-tools.com/electronics/divider.htm

    Another, and more electronics calculators
    https://www.ianjohnston.com/index.php/tools​

 

C7  Digi-Key 4/5/6 Band Resistor Colour Code Calculator

    https://www.digikey.co.uk/en/resources/conversion-calculators/conversion-calculator-resistor-color-code-4-band

​

C8  (a) Basic resistor / capacitor timing circuit calculator
    http://www.csgnetwork.com/rctimecalc2.html

    (b) Capacitor charging calculator & equations including current
    http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/capchg.html#c1
    (c) Capacitor discharging calculator & equations including current
    http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/capdis.html

    A really good basic capacitor discharge calculator

    https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/tools/capacitor-Charge-and-time-constant-calculator/

​

C9  (a) Energy stored in a capacitor in Joules and Coulombs, plus links to many more excellent
    calculators

    http://mustcalculate.com/electronics/capacitorenergy.php?v=700&c=0.00001

    (b) Energy stored in a capacitor in Joules, with equation

    http://imajeenyus.com/calculators/capacitor_energy.html


C10 dc power supply smoothing capacitor calculator (near the page bottom)
    https://electronicbase.net/smoothing-capacitor-calculator/
 

C11 (a) Peak / RMS / Average to Peak to Peak voltage calculator

    https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/tools/peak-to-peak-voltage-calculator/

    (b) Peak / Peak to Peak / Average to RMS calculator

    https://circuitdigest.com/calculators/rms-voltage-calculator

    (c) Transformer ac-to-dc

    https://www.petervis.com/electronics%20guides/calculators/transformer-ac-to-dc/ac-to-dc.html


C12 LED driving calculator
    http://www.ohmslawcalculator.com/led-resistor-calculator


C13 Ohm's Law calculator & links to many others
    http://www.rapidtables.com/calc/electric/ohms-law-calculator.htm


C14 Air-Cored inductor calculator
    http://www.abex.co.uk/sales/calculators/air_core_inductor/index.php


C15 Pi attenuator calculator
    http://www.abex.co.uk/sales/calculators/pi_attenuator/index.php

    Another Pi attenuator calculator

    http://chemandy.com/calculators/pi-attenuator-calculator.htm

​

C16 Calculate diameter of a sphere given its liquid content, & vice versa   

    http://www.handymath.com/cgi-bin/solidsphere.cgi?submit=Entry

    Volume calculators for a sphere, cone, cube, cylinder, tank, capsule, tube & others:
    https://www.calculator.net/volume-calculator.html

​

C17 V-dot voltage calculator
    http://www.pulsedpower.net/Applets/Electronics/Vdot/Vdot.html

​

C18 IPC-2221A pcb voltage safety gap calculator

    http://www.smps.us/pcbtracespacing.html

​

C19 (a) Convert milli-radians to degrees & vice-versa (toggle)

    http://www.traditionaloven.com/tutorials/angle/convert-degree-unit-to-milliradian-unit.html

    (b) Convert milli-radians to degrees & vice-versa and other units (selectable)

    http://www.convert-measurement-units.com/conversion-calculator.php?type=angle

​

C20 RF pcb stripline calculator

    https://www.eeweb.com/tools/microstrip-impedance

​

C21 Many scientific / chemical calculators

    http://www.handymath.com/calculators.html

​

C22 Convert eV (electron-volt) to nm (wavelength): equations & tables

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt

​

C23 Convert feet & inches to cm, mm, metres, and inches

    https://www.carinsurancedata.org/calculators/height/60

    https://www.google.com/search?client=avast-a-3&q=what+is+cm%2Fkm+to+inches%2Fmile&oq=what+is+cm%2Fkm+to+inches%2Fmile&aqs=avast..69i57.11080j0j1&ie=UTF-8

 

C24 Convert RTF to PDF files online

    https://online2pdf.com/convert-rtf-to-pdf

​

C25 Every PDF converter you could need including the best JPG(s) to PDF out there, all free online

    https://www.ilovepdf.com

​

C26 Convert multiple file, multiple image formats online

    https://image.online-convert.com/convert-to-jpg

​

C27 BMI calculator
    https://www.wcrf-uk.org/uk/here-help/health-tools/bmi-calculator

​

C28 Convert Japanese or other language pdf to English pdf or MS Office file types online

    https://www.onlinedoctranslator.com/en/translate-japanese-to-english_ja_en;jsessionid=313F4788FB26625D49B4A464BD189741

    Simplified Chinese to English:
    https://www.onlinedoctranslator.com/en/translate-chinese-(simplified)-to-english_zh-CN_en​

 

C29 Convert upper case to lower case and vice versa

    https://convertcase.net

​

C30 The following OPO calculator is useful for SFM too, e.g. 703.26nm + 266nm = 193nm
    https://www.photonicsolutions.co.uk/nonlinear.php

​

C31 This inflation calculator converts $US from 1914 upwards, to any year up to the present

    https://www.dollartimes.com/inflation/inflation.php?amount=3000&year=1998

    This one works from 1635 upwards
    https://www.in2013dollars.com/
 

C32 Convert W/m/°C to W/m/k (e.g. neoprene 0.0005W/m/°C = 0.05W/m/K) - trivial but useful

    http://www.translatorscafe.com/unit-converter/en/thermal-conductivity/1-2

​

C33 Capacitor ageing calculators for most capacitor types
    https://www.illinoiscapacitor.com/tech-center/life-calculators.aspx

​

C34 Lux to lumens converter
    https://www.rapidtables.com/calc/light/lumen-to-lux-calculator.html

​

C35 Excellent site offering many online RF-related calculators

    https://www.microwaves101.com/calculators

    and many more useful links here, including numerous downloadable spreadsheets

    https://www.microwaves101.com/download-area

​

C36 Online resistor value calculator for LM317 & LM338 adjustable voltage regulators

    http://www.reuk.co.uk/wordpress/electric-circuit/lm317-voltage-calculator/

 

C37 Heatsink calculator

    https://myheatsinks.com/calculate/plate-fin-heat-sink-calculator/

​​​

C38 Calculate weight of aluminium and steel sheet

    https://www.omnicalculator.com/construction/aluminum-weight

    https://www.maiak-m.bg/en/calculator/i1/Steel-sheets-and-plates.html

 

C39 This BMR (Body Metabolic Rate) calculator can be used to determine the amount of protein required:

    http://www-users.med.cornell.edu/~spon/picu/calc/beecalc.htm

    Found here: 

    https://www.verywellfit.com/protein-recommendations-for-exercise-1229792

​

C40 Laser peak power and density calculators​. The following video at 17:59 utilises the first link:
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjaLvwcfYTk

    https://www.ophiropt.com/en/laser-peak-power-calculator

    https://www.gentec-eo.com/laser-calculators/peak-power-density    

​​

C41 Minimum Bend Radius For Sheet Metal: Reference Table & Calculator

    https://xometry.pro/en-uk/articles/sheet-metal-bend-radius-table-calculator/

​

2.  DATASHEETS & STANDARDS

 

D1  Kigre MK367 25mJ 6MW laser Operating Manual V4.x, 06-Apr-12
    https://docplayer.net/49999830-Operating-manual-mk-367-laser-components-kigre-inc.html

​

D2  Reticon RL0512: 512-wide linear photodiode array, Jan 1992

    http://www.datasheetarchive.com/RL0512-datasheet.html

​

D3  Hamamatsu S3902/3: 512-wide linear photodiode array datasheet, 08-Jul-10

    http://www.hamamatsu.com/resources/pdf/ssd/s3902-128q_etc_kmpd1043e.pdf

​

D4  Pangolin lasorb L44-47-122-208-X for 1064nm CW LDs, 17-Mar-15

    http://www.lasorb.com/LASORB_L44-208-X.pdf

​

D5  Multicomp 082-0028F ESD mat datasheet, 12-Oct-11

    http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1485218.pdf

​

D6  Various IPC electronics design Standards

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPC_(electronics)

 

D7  IPC-2221A pcb voltage safety gap table

    http://www.smpspowersupply.com/ipc2221pcbclearance.html


D8  EIA RS-232-C serial communications interface Standard

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232

​

D9  RS232 / RS485 / RS422 communications Standards compared
    http://www.rs-485.com/comspec.html

​

D10 MSDS (Material Safety DataSheet) for POA (Poly-alpha-olefin) synthetic cooling oil, 21-Nov-13

​

D11 MSDS for HFE-7100 PFC (PerFluoroCarbon) electronic cooling liquid, 06-Jun-05

​

D12 MSDS for PFX-90 PFC electronic cooling liquid, 03-Sep-03

​

D13 MSDS for FC-77 PFC electronic cooling liquid, 03-Sep-02

​

D14 Hamamatsu image intensifiers, 17-Mar-16

    http://www.hamamatsu.com/resources/pdf/etd/II_TII0007E.pdf 

​

D15 Hamamatsu high speed image intensifiers, 05-Dec-16

    http://www.hamamatsu.com/resources/pdf/etd/GateII_TII0006E.pdf

​

D16 Wavelength Electronics WLD3343 2.2A laser diode driver, 15-Feb-17
    Webpage
    http://www.teamwavelength.com/products/product.php?part=56

    Datasheet

    http://www.teamwavelength.com/downloads/datasheets/wld3343.pdf#page=1

​

D17 Marlow Industries RC6-4 8.2V 3.7A 20W T∆65°C TEC, 14-Oct-16

​

D18 â€‹â€‹â€‹â€‹Manual for Oriel Model 6000 Q series Lamp housing, 08-Mar-10

    http://mmrc.caltech.edu/Oriel/Oriel%20Lamp%20housing%20Q.pdf

​

D19 Datasheet for Hamamatsu S2300-512F (S2301) series 256, 512, 1024 element linear PCD (PDA)

    Hamamatsu S2300 (S2301) series 256 512 1024 PDAs July 1987.pdf

​

D20 Hamamatsu MOS linear image sensors data book April 1990.pdf

    Includes S3901 & S3904 PDAs

​

D21 Hamamatsu S3901/3904 series 256, 512, 1024 element linear PCD (PDA), March 2001

    Hamamatsu S3901 & S3904 series 256 512 1024 PDAs March 2001.pdf

​

D22 Datasheet for GBS Micro Power Supply model 200057 Generation 2 image intensifier HV PSU

​

D23 Unified Facilities Criteria, X-Ray Shielding, UFC 3-190-03A, 17-Nov-03 

    (supersedes US Army Technical Manual TM 5-805-12, Jan 1990)

    https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOD/UFC/INACTIVE/ufc_3_190_03a_2003.pdf

​

D24 Data I/O aka Data Translation DataAcq DT21-EZ 12-bit ADC DAC & 16-bit I/O ISA card spec

    https://www.artisantg.com/info/ATGpy25u.pdf

​

D25 Schematic for ebay China IDE to CF adaptor, 31-Jan-14

​

D26 Behlke MOSFET arrays switch kilovolts in nanoseconds: 
    ​​Behlke HTS series general info app note 30-Sep-09.pdf
    https://www.behlke.com/pdf/general.pdf

​

D27 Behlke HTS 50 5kV 30Apk MOSFET with 100ns fixed ON time, 13-Feb-06

    https://www.behlke.com/pdf/80.pdf 

​

D28 Perkin Elmer trigger transformers shortform, C01-Jun-01

    http://www.perkinelmer.com/CMSResources/Images/44-6535BRO_TriggerTransformers.pdf

​

D29 Excelitas PE TR-132-C external trigger transformer DS0038 Rev C, C28-Feb-11

    http://www.excelitas.com/downloads/dts_tr132cexternaltriggertransformer.pdf

​

D30 Perkin Elmer EG&G TR-180-B external trigger transformer DS0058 Rev C, 2004 

    http://saund.stanford.edu/saund2/protected/zapper_related/Transformer_Datasheet.pdf

​

D31 Exceitas PE TR-146-A series trigger transformer DS0033 Rev C, 28-Feb-11
    https://manualzz.com/doc/11116509/transformer--injection

​

D32 Fairchild FQA8N100C 1kV 8A N-channel MOSFET, 27-Mar-14

    http://www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/122114/FAIRCHILD/FQA8N100C.html

 

D33 DIN_41612 - a DIN standard for electrical connectors widely used in rack based electrical systems
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIN_41612
    DIN - Deutsches Institut für Normung e.v. (German Institute for Standardization)
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Normung

​

D34 Steward ferrite cable and wire EMI filters shortform, M19-Aug-10

    http://disti-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/pscelex/files/datasheets/6766.pdf

​

D35 Würth Elektronik 7427154, square split core ferrite 1MHz-1GHz (RS 756-8386), M24-Nov-14

    https://docs.rs-online.com/0ad8/0900766b810c01bf.pdf

​

D36 Great German solid state components online database

    http://www.dl7avf.info/charts/semi/index.html

​

D37 Hewlett Packard Archive - excellent HP part number cross references site

    E.g. HP datasheet shows part 55-0509 but this pdf reveals missing prefix '18' making it an IRF9530 
    http://hparchive.com/hp_parts
    http://hparchive.com/PARTS/300-hpxref.pdf

​

D38 General TDS for 3M Fluorinert with RI for FC 40 43 70 72 77 84 87 et al, 03-Dec-03

    https://detector-cooling.web.cern.ch/data/3M_Fluorinert.pdf

​

D39 SGS-ATES L0xxT1 Series 3-pin Positive Voltage Regulators, 14-Aug-07
    https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=b17aec81163147c83a02e780d1acd7f2c99e32&type=O&term=L037T1

​

D40 National Semiconductor LM340 series 3-pin Positive Voltage Regulators & Apps, November 2004
    https://pdf1.alldatasheet.net/datasheet-pdf/view/164887/NSC/LM340K-15.html

​

D41 Clarostat 240C 225W 1kVdc 600Vac Power Resistor Decade Box, C29-Nov-07
    https://usermanual.wiki/Document/CLAROSTATPowerResistorDecades240C250Instruction.1675550491

​

D42 Russian webpage with a huge selection of datasheets for valves, etc., including IFP-800 flashlamp

    https://www.gstube.com/data

​

D43 Molex M-100 connector catalogue, 1973

    https://deramp.com/downloads/swtpc/hardware/Molex_M-100_Catalog_1973.pdf 

​

D44 ITT Electro-Optic Devices Data Summary, 1974/1975

    https://frank.pocnet.net/other/ITT/ITT_ElOpt.pdf

​

D45 Useful site with alphabetical links to freely downloadable manufacturers' electronics data books

    https://www.rsp-italy.it/Electronics/Databooks/index.htm

    Even an old IC Master, Towers IC selectors & D.A.T.A. are here:

    https://www.rsp-italy.it/Electronics/Databooks/ICs/index.htm 

    https://www.rsp-italy.it/Electronics/Databooks/Semicond/index.htm

​​

D46 Manual for the D45 - Laser Export LCS-DTL-374QT 355nm laser, C05-Jul-09

D47 Manual for the D45 - Laser Export LCM-DTL-374QT 355nm laser, c29-May-09

   https://photonlexicon.com/forums/showthread.php/28689-Manual-for-Laser-Export-LCM-DTL-347QT-UV-Laser

   https://photonlexicon.com/forums/attachment.php?attachmentid=58983&d=1657836058

​

3.  ELECTRONICS

​

E1  Microchip technology Inc, manufacturer of PIC microcontroller series
    http://www.microchip.com/design-centers/microcontrollers
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC_microcontroller


E2  PC Realtime clock chip modules are described on this website
    http://greyghost.mooo.com/th6887a


E3  Pearson current transformers (Model 410: BNC, 100mV/A, 20ns, 5kA peak)
    http://pearsonelectronics.com/pdf/410.pdf
    http://www.pearsonelectronics.com/products/current-monitors

​

E4  The picosecond pulse generator project using 2N2369A
    http://www.siliconvalleygarage.com/projects/picosecond-pulser.html

​

E5  Nanosecond avalanche pulse generator using 2N2369A
    http://www.jensign.com/avalanchepulsegenerator


E6  Avalanche pulse generator using 2N3904
    http://www.kerrywong.com/2013/05/18/avalanche-pulse-generator-build-using-2n3904


E7  Diffusion Technologies at Bell Laboratories - Transistor history
    http://sites.google.com/site/transistorhistory/Home/us-semiconductor-manufacturers/western-electric-main-page


E8  [Vacuum] Valve Types and Characteristics With Appendix, G.O'Hara C20-Dec-09.pdf
 http://eddystoneusergroup.org.uk/Restoration%20projects/Valve%20Types%20and%20Characteristics%20With%20Appendix.pdf


E9  Superb website devoted to EMC/ESD with links to many reports on issues and solutions

    http://emcesd.com
    Example: 'Laser trimmed 1% resistors often do not survive high peak value pulses because the
    current concentrates around the end of the laser cut and the resistance exhibits a cumulative
    change over many pulses often ending in an open circuit or occasionally even a short circuit.
'
    Effect of High Voltage Pulses on Resistors - ESD and EFT, June 2009

    http://emcesd.com/tt2009/tt060809.htm


E10 Ultra-fast V-Dot sensors (GHz kV ps) from Montena, Switzerland:
    http://www.montena.com/system/pulse-measurement/ultra-fast-voltage-sensors

 

E11 This page explains how to calculate oscilloscope rise time
    http://www.amplifier.cd/Test_Equipment/Tektronix/Tektronix_7000_series_special/calibration-fixture.htm

​

E12 Pulse Power Switching Devices - An Overview By John Pasley 24-Sep-96
    http://www.electricstuff.co.uk/pulse.html


E13 Silicon Investigations Krytron Pulse Power Switching Tubes
    http://www.siliconinvestigations.com/KRYT/Krytron.HTM


E14 Definition of rms of a sinusoidal waveform
    http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/accircuits/rms-voltage.html

 

E15 Visible physical differences between a flashlamp and an arc lamp

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Krypton_arc_lamp_and_a_xenon_flashlamp.JPG

​

E16 CORD Module 3-2 Pulsed laser flashlamps and power supplies

    http://pe2bz.philpem.me.uk/Lights/-%20Laser/Info-999-LaserCourse/C03-M02-PulsedLaserFlashLamps+PowerSupplies/mod03_02.htm


E17 Laser PFN calculation Excel spreadsheet for Nd:YAG and ruby laser, created by Doug Little,
    available at Sam's excellent laser website:
    http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/laser/pfncalc1.xls

​

E18 Perkin Elmer / E G & G Flash Lamp catalogue is a very useful resource, containing a considerable        depth of information as well as example circuits and equations, M10-Jul-04
    http://www.perkinelmer.co.uk/PDFS/downloads/dts_applicationnotehighperformanceflash_final071004.pdf

​

E19 Sintec Optronics laser flashlamp design guide, includes worked equations, 12-Jan-01

    http://www.sintecoptronics.com/ref/lamp.pdf

​​

E20 Heraeus Noblelight lamp book 28-Jul-11.pdf

  http://www.dmlittle.eclipse.co.uk/lasers/documentation/Heraeus%20Noblelight%20Flashlamp%20Catalog.pdf

 

E21 Vere & Quartz France VQF flashlamps 29-Aug-05.pdf

    http://www.flashlamps-vq.com/CatalogueVQF.pdf

E22 Excelitas app note & equations high performance flashlamps 26-Feb-11.pdf

    http://www.excelitas.com/downloads/app_applicationnotehighperformanceflash_final071004.pdf

​

E23 Flashlamp design information (peoplelaser.com) 02-Sep-14.pdf

    http://www.peoplelaser.com/pdf/Flashlamp_informataion.pdf

 

E24 A compact DIY SMD PCB programmer for Intel 1702A Eproms (the 1702 was the very first UV Eprom)

    https://www.mattmillman.com/projects/hveprom-project/a-compact-programmer-for-1702a-eproms/
    Another DIY design, wired on a 0.1" matrix board
    http://tronola.com/html/1702a_prom_programmer.html

    https://www.cpu-zone.com/1702.htm

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM

​​

E25 Design Considerations for Triggering of Flash lamps, A.McLeod, Perkin Elmer, 21-Sep-06
    http://lasers.org.ru/forum/attachments/app_triggeringflashlamps-pdf.3973/

​​

E26 A Novel Series-Connected Xenon Lamp Power Supply System Using a Pulse Trigger With Simmer Circuits
    for Pulsed Light Sintering Application, C.Cho, S.Song, S.Park, H.Park, S.Jang, H.Ryoo,
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.66, No.1, January 2019
    http://hvpe.cau.ac.kr/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/A-Novel-Series-Connected-Xenon-Lamp-Power-Supply-System-using-Pulse-Trigger-with-Simmer-Circuits-for-Pulsed-Light-Sintering-Application.pdf

​

E27 Marx Generator - a circuit that generates high voltages from banks of lower voltages

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx_generator

​

E28 Understanding power transistors breakdown parameters,
    M.Bairanzade, On Semiconductor AN1628-D Rev 2, 06-Aug-03
    http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/AN1628-D.pdf

​

E29 Nanosecond Pulsed Power Technology for Transient Plasma Generation, thesis, T.Huiskamp (author),
    W.Kling (Promoter), Eindhoven University of Technology, 29-Sep-15,
    Page 84: D-dot and B-Dot sensors for kV / GHz oscilloscope probes [64MB file]
    http://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/3809268/798746.pdf


E30 Coaxial capacitive voltage divider with high division ratio for high voltage pulses with very fast

    risetime, T.Hõbejõgi and J.Biela, Laboratory for High Power Electronic Systems, ETH Zurich,

    Physikstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland Email: hobejogi@ethz.ch, 07-Nov-11

    http://www.hpe.ee.ethz.ch/uploads/tx_ethpublications/Volt_div_paper__01.pdf

​

E31 Pulsed high voltage measurements with compact coaxial capacitive sensors, 2015, R.Verma, E.Mishra,

    K.Sagar, M.Meena, A.Shyam, Government of India Atomic Energy Commission, 07-May-15
    http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/46/076/46076129.pdf

​

E32 Eagle Harbor Technologies, Technical Note #1, High Voltage Nanosecond Pulse Measurement

    Techniques, I.Slobodov, 16-Jun-16
    http://www.eagleharbortech.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/High-Voltage-Nanosecond-Pulse-Measurement-Techniques_TN1.pdf

 

E33 The following article cites inductance as a major contributor to tunnel diode instability, and

    investigates RC biasing to remove it:
    Bias Circuit Instabilities and their effect on the dc Current-Voltage Characteristics of Double
    Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes, C.Kidner, I.Mehdi, J.East and G.Haddad,
    Center for High-Frequency Microelectronics and Center for Space Terahertz Technology,
    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan,
    A.Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. June 1990 (CC)
    http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.818.9535&rep=rep1&type=pdf

​

E34 Tektronix instruments with the rare (and difficult to source) BSM connector

    http://w140.com/tekwiki/wiki/BSM_connector

​

E35 This site lists IC manufacturers by their logos

    http://how-to.wikia.com/wiki/How_to_identify_integrated_circuit_(chip)_manufacturers_by_their_logos

​

E36 Behlke MOSFET arrays switch kilovolts in nanoseconds. Their special offers are up to 50% off:

    http://www.behlke.com

    http://www.behlke.com/special_offers.htm

    http://www.behlke.com/productlines.htm

 

E37 Useful high voltage links

    http://www.behlke.com/hv_links.htm

​

E38 The Secret world of Oscilloscope Probes, D.Ford, Silicon Chip magazine, Oct 2009

    http://www.dfad.com.au/links/THE%20SECRET%20WORLD%20OF%20PROBES%20OCt09.pdf

​

E39 Sam's Laser - Basics of High Voltage Probe Design

    https://www.repairfaq.org/sam/hvprobe.htm

​

E40 Elegant DIY 1GHz 40:1 oscilloscope probe design from Doug Smith

    DC to 1GHZ Oscilloscope Probe Plans

    Improved construction technique for the 50 Ohm termination in the above probe

    March 2000, Improved Construction Technique for a 50 Ohm Termination

​

E41 AN301 Choosing a [soldering] flux, 25-Nov-16

    http://www.pillarhouse.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/301-Choosing-a-Flux-11-2016.pdf

    Rosin is a resin used for solder flux, amongst other things:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosin

​

E42 Semiconductor SMD coding indexes
    2023: https://smd.yooneed.one/

    2018: http://www.dl7avf.info/charts/smdcode/cn.html

    Direct links to all SMD code sections
    http://www.dl7avf.info/charts/smdcode/menue.html#TOC
    2014: https://dokumen.tips/documents/smd-codes-2014-edition-turuta-electronics-pins-smd-codes-dddaaatttabook-smd-codes.html

    2007: http://caxapa.ru/thumbs/588912/smd-codes.pdf

​

E43 Prototyping methods [including S-DECs, Wire Wrap and (BICC Vero) Speedwire], EDN, 17-Aug-15

    ['"breadboard"? [Years ago]...when components were really big, hobbyists would sometimes take a

    sheet of wood, drive in nails for component mounts, attach, solder, and wire everything up.

    Sometimes, the most convenient piece of wood was the bread cutting board from the kitchen.']

    https://www.edn.com/Pdf/ViewPdf?contentItemId=4440159

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedwire

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_wrap

​

E44 Superb site offering many freely downloadable electronics design books

    http://www.bunkerofdoom.com/lit/semico/index.html

​

E45 SPICE analogue component simulator developed by Prof. R.Rohrer of U.C. Berkely in the 1960s

    https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/reference/chpt-7/history-of-spice

    Electronics Workbench - a modern user-friendly but from my use buggy, GUI equivalent to SPICE

    https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/reference/chpt-7/introduction-to-spice

​

E46 Poor man's DIY 1GHz active probe by David Jewsbury, Elektor magazine, April 2004

    https://elektrotanya.com/files/forum/2009/10/e04a036.pdf

​

E47 Jim Williams: In Tek we Trust $100 bill
    https://www.edn.com/jim-williams-loved-tektronix 
    Jim Williams: In praise of a home lab

    https://www.edn.com/be-it-ever-so-high-tech-theres-no-place-like-home 

​

E48 Excellent articles with detailed calculations and recommended construction techniques. The first
    covers voltage probes, the second differential voltage probes and current probes.

    https://www.edn.com/build-your-own-oscilloscope-probes-for-power-measurements-part-1

    https://www.edn.com/build-your-own-oscilloscope-probes-for-power-measurements-part-2

​

E49 A definitive guide to coaxial cable [see also W4]

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable

    Popular coaxial cables and their basic properties, and related information (useful links at bottom)

    https://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/coax-chart.htm
    Pasternack RG cables, specs & prices 
    https://www.pasternack.com/nsearch.aspx?Category=Cables&Rfinbc99imp1=50&Rfinbc99rfcablecoaxtype=Coax&sort=y&res_per_page=48&page=2&view_type=grid 

​

E50 There are lots of 555 timer sites, but do you know how it got its name?

    https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/waveforms/555_timer.html 
    A DIY discretes breadboard version of it and even a 555 T-shirt:

    https://www.edn.com/the-silicon-valley-electronic-flea-market-and-breakfast/

    A more professional and commercially available version (there's a 741 op amp kit too):

    https://shop.evilmadscientist.com/productsmenu/652

    Although now I detest it after all the grief it gave me, see [Projects: Tek 109 1-Shot & LF Mod].

​

E51 Excellent RS232 pinouts  (commercial site: Airborn Electronics, Australia)

    https://airborn.com.au/serial/rs232.html 

​

E52 Good description of capacitor types & their characteristics:
https://www.ttieurope.com/content/ttieurope/en/resources/marketeye/categories/passives/me-tti-20120111.html

​

E53 Good explanation of difference between RF Spectrum Analysers, Network Analyzers and variants
    Scalar (Power vs. Frequency) - vs - Vector (Power and Phase vs. Frequency)

https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/test-methods/rf-vector-network-analyzer-vna/what-is-a-vna.php

​

E54 Excellent site with many links to free PC-based apps e.g. oscilloscopes, oscillators, RLC and more

    http://www.radio.imradioha.org/PC_Based_Test_Gear.htm

​

E55 A particularly elegant free online tone generator

    https://www.szynalski.com/tone-generator

​

E56 Thermocouples and their types explained

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple

​

E57 ETS-Lindgren current probes - 94111-1 et al (P.42 Tr Equation) C04-Aug-15

    ETS-Lindgren Current Probes User Manual. Open clasp current probe specs, including the
    1MHz to 1GHz 94111-1 (specs P.22-23, 33; transfer curve P.53) also from Singer/Eaton/Tegam.
    Page 42 has rise time calculation 0.3/Bandwidth.
    https://docplayer.net/369552-Current-probes-user-manual.html

​

E58 Bandwidth vs Sample Rate – Electronic Product Design webpage D07-Oct-21

    https://electronic-products-design.com/geek-area/electronics/test-and-measurement/oscilloscopes/bandwidth-vs-sample-rate

​

E59 Datasheet for Fischer Custom Communications (FCC) F-65 current probe C24-Aug-16

    https://www.valuetronics.com/pub/media/vti/datasheets/Fischer%20Custom%20Communications%20F-65.pdf

​

E60 Effect of Temperature variation of Cold Electronics based LC oscillator for RRR measurement,
    C08-May-17, DOI:10.18462/iir.cryo.2017.0111 [RRR = Residual Resistivity Ratio]
    This paper describes a simple RC oscillator with an unspecified logic inverter IC. After immersion
    in LN2, signal rise time and fall time are observed to reduce as temperature drops. IMO the

    presentation is sloppy: much detail is provided of the mechanical structure of a standard LN2
    dewar, far less is provided of the IC and circuit layout and no attempt is made to measure passive
    component properties. The IC is variously described as CMOS, LSTTL and MOS. The long propagation

    delay in the order of 100s of ns suggests a 4000 series CMOS device. Was it a 4069? A 4049 with
    LSTTL driver output? A 4584 schmitt? A schmitt trigger would ordinarily be used with an RC circuit

    to counter LF noise, you'd think they'd at least mention that. Detail matters! They say supply
    voltage was 2V to 6V which is HC logic but that has risetimes in the 10s of ns. 4000 series logic      runs from 3V to 15V. Test results do indicate risetime decreases with temperature but I bet a lot
    of the frequency variation was down to the passives. Apathy instils distrust of conclusions.
    
Conference: 14th Cryogenics 2017, IIR International Conference, Dresden, Germany
    Project: Non-contact type Conductivity measurement sensor for cryogenic temperatures
    P.Sagar, Cochin University; R.Karunanithi, Indian Inst of Science; A.Gour, Indian Inst Kharagpur
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316922094_Effect_of_Temperature_variation_of_Cold_Electronics_based_LC_oscillator_for_RRR_measurement

​

E61 The Semiconductor Museum
    Excellent site explaining the origin of the transistor, with many useful links
    http://semiconductormuseum.com/Museum_Index.htm#LEARNING_ABOUT_TRANSISTORS

​

E62 Nice blog explaining differences between unipolar and bipolar stepper motors

    http://www.circuitspecialists.com/blog/unipolar-stepper-motor-vs-bipolar-stepper-motors

​

E63 Partial specifications and part numbers for NEMA 17 stepper motors typically used on 3D printers:

    http://reprap.org/wiki/NEMA_17_Stepper_motor 

 

E64 Very useful site explaining transimpedance amplifier circuits
    http://www.jensign.com/transimpedance/index.html

​

E65 Texas Instruments SN7400 logic series ICs
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7400-series_integrated_circuits

4.  FORUMS

​

F1  German based useful and very informative instruments forum
    http://www.amplifier.cd/smf/index.phpPHPSESSID=ategf9hqe3v5smdth3r8prqfs0&


F2  EEVblog Electronics Community Forum
    http://www.eevblog.com/forum/index.phpPHPSESSID=89bvcjem6d3708va2p2dptj150


F3  US based TekScopes forum supporting owners of Tektronix instruments
    http://beta.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/TekScopes/info


F4  US based Tektronix forum supporting owners of Tektronix instruments

    http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/TekScopes/info
    http://groups.io/g/TekScopes/topics


F5  US based open community of engineers that enjoy sharing knowledge and ideas
    http://www.allaboutcircuits.com

​

F6  UK-based Night vision forum

    http://nightvisionforumuk.com/viewtopic.php?t=5790&start=60

​

F7  UK-based 'Electronics Point' website with many useful forum categories

    https://www.electronicspoint.com

    https://www.electronicspoint.com/forums

​

F8  EEWEB Electronics and Electrical Engineering Design Forum

    https://www.eeweb.com/forum

​

F9  UK-based 'The Eddystone User Group is dedicated to all collectors of Eddystone Radio products, most
    of which were manufactured at the "Old BathTub" in West Heath Birmingham from 1940 until 1995.
'
    http://eddystoneusergroup.org.uk

F10 High voltage discussion forum
    https://4hv.org/index.php

 

5.  GENERAL INTEREST

 

G1  CERN Large Hadron Collider
    http://home.cern/topics/large-hadron-collider
 

G2  The Greek alphabet

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet

​

G3  Mathematical symbols

    http://web.uvic.ca/~salam/math_symbols.html

​

G4  A highly informative site describing cooling liquids and their properties

    http://www.lytron.com/Tools-and-Technical-Reference/Application-Notes/The-Best-Heat-Transfer-Fluids-for-Liquid-Cooling

​

G5  Movie, Medicine Man (1992), starring Sean Connery
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNQ7klf9Sxs

​

G6  Never consume the juice inside plum/prune pips etc - they contain a small amount of cyanide:

    http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/oct/11/cyanide-in-fruit-seeds-how-dangerous-is-an-apple

G7  Polymorph mouldable plastic 'smart' material that melts in water at 62°C

    http://www.mindsetsonline.co.uk/Downloads/polymorph%20book.pdf

    There is a 42°C version too now

    http://www.thermoworx.com

​

G8  One of many Cray history sites
    http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/vs-cray-res.html

​

G9  Freely downloadable brochures for Cray supercomputers can be found here
    http://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/companies.php?alpha=a-c&company=com-42b9d5d68b216

​

G10 One of my all-time favourite movies is the 1956 classic Forbidden Planet:
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_Planet
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robby_the_Robot

​

G11 Link to full size partly animated Robby the Robot from Forbidden Planet
    http://www.hammacher.com/product/10921

​

G12 The impressive Compressorhead robot band
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressorhead
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RBSkq-_St8

​

G13 Propellerhead Software Re-Birth RB-338 sound synthesiser and loop sequencer
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReBirth_RB-338

​

Radiation (see also LHS links: Tables)

these definitions on hold - I don't yet know if alpha is different to k-alpha

 

X-ray

α, alpha        example: polonium-210 emits alpha radiation

α, k-alpha      example:

β, beta         example: beta radiation may produce bremsstrahlung x-rays

β, k-beta       example:

γ, gamma        example: bremsstrahlung produces secondary gamma radiation

Bremmstrahlung  example: produced by LIBS laser strike

​

G14 α, alpha radiation example: polonium-210 emits alpha radiation

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_decay

​

G15 β, beta radiation example: beta radiation may produce bremsstrahlung x-rays

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particle

​

G16 γ, gamma radiation example: 

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray

​

G17 X-rays defined

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_X-ray

​

G18 Bremsstrahlung, k-alpha, k-beta radiation defined

    http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/xrayc.html

​

G19 Popular UK Sci-Fi TV series Red Dwarf from the 90s:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Dwarf

 

G20

​

G21 3M ID number for 3M Fluorinert FC-74 = 98-0211-4191-0

    http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102653085

​

G22 The Importance of Using Good-Quality Water in Heat Transfer Fluid Solutions,

    The Dow Chemical Company, Form No.180-01396-1099QRP, October 1999

    https://www.boydcorp.com/resources/temperature-control/best-heat-transfer-fluids.html

​

G23 Car batteries with 5-minute charging times [expected by 2024]

    https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/19/electric-car-batteries-race-ahead-with-five-minute-charging-times

​

G24 Movie, Jaws (1975), Roy Scheider's immortal line 'You're gonna need a bigger boat'

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujUfZ3tH1gQ

​

G25 The Rosetta Stone is a stele composed of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree
    issued in Memphis, Egypt, in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V
    Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts
    respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. The decree has only minor differences between
    the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering the Egyptian scripts.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone

​

G26 iFixit DIY repair guide to Siemens TK52001 & TK56001 coffee machines

    https://www.ifixit.com/Device/Siemens_Surpresso_Compact

    The TK56001 front pouring spout cover is retained by tiny clips hidden inside the machine

    https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/Siemens+Surpresso+TK56001+coffee+spout+distributor+replacement/122994

​

G27 Useful site that investigates scientific claims and explains and dismisses the hoaxes

    https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/our-articles

 

​

  

6.  HEALTH

​

H1  Weeklong Improved Colour Contrasts Sensitivity after Single 670nm Exposures Associated with
    Enhanced Mitochondrial Function, 'A 3-minute exposure at 8mW/cm² of 670nm dark red light to
    the eyes between 8am and 9am improves colour cone photoreceptor function in aged subjects to levels
    commonly found in much younger individuals and can be sustained for up to a week
',
    H.Shinhmar,C.Hogg,M.Neveu&G.Jeffery 
    Scientific Reports Vol 11, Article number: 22872 (2021), 24-Nov-21
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-02311-1
    Originating paper:

    Optically Improved Mitochondrial Function Redeems Aged Human Visual Decline,

    H.Shinhmar,M.Grewal,S.Sivaprasad,C.Hogg,V.Chong,M.Neveu,G.Jeffery,
    The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Vol 75, Iss 9, September 2020, Pages e49-e52, 29-Jun-20
    https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa155
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342531647
 

H2  Photobiomodulation for the Management of Alopecia: mechanisms of action, patient selection and
    perspectives, Defines LLLT effect on hair regrowth; shows illustrations of follicle structure and
    alternative LLLT treatment devices together with extensive investigations of wavelength efficacy.

    M.Hamblin, Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:669–678. 

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6737896/


H3  A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of United States Food and
    Drug Administration-Approved, Home-use, Low-Level Light/Laser Therapy Devices for Pattern Hair
    Loss: Device Design and Technology, 'absorption peak at 660nm 31 of CCO',
    S.Lueangarun, P.Visutjindaporn, Y.Parcharoen, P.Jamparuang, T.Tempark,
    J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021 Nov; 14(11): E64-E75

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8675345/

 

H4  Photobiomodulation: Lasers vs. Light Emitting Diodes?,
    Lists all research to date using light to affect medical conditions.
    V.Heiskanen, M.Hamblin, Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2018;17(8):1003–1017 

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091542/

​

H5  Tea Tree Oil versus Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Treatment of Gingivitis:
    A Pilot Randomized, Double Blinded Clinical Trial,
    Although not stated explicitly in the conclusion, it is evident from the 'before' and 'after'

    results tables that significant dental pocket reduction was achieved. This excellent paper also

    describes in detail how to administer a safe dosage of Tea Tree oil for pocket reduction.
    F.Ripari,A.Cera,M.Freda,G.Zumbo,F.Zara,I.Vozza,
    Eur J Dent. 2020 Feb;14(1):55-62. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1703999. Epub 2020 Mar 13,
    PMID: 32168532 PMCID: PMC7069753 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1703999

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32168532/

​

H6  Comparative evaluation of efficacy of topical and intra-sulcular application of
    Co-enzyme Q10 in the non-surgical treatment of periodontal diseases,
    'There was a significant improvement in the pocket depth in all the studies including the
     intrasulcular application alone as well as the application of coenzyme Q both topically and
     intrasulcularly
', P.Dahiya,A.Malhotra,A.Pajnoo,R.Gupta,R.Kamal,
    J Indian Soc Periodontal. 2022 Nov-Dec; 26(6): 533-538, Pub online 2022 Nov 14.
    PMCID: PMC9793934, PMID: 36582958, DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_542_21
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9793934/

​

H7  A Comparative Evaluation of Topical and Intrasulcular Application of Coenzyme Q10 (Perio Q TM) Gel      in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Clinical Study,
    'There was a significant decrease in the probing pocket depth in...(test groups) at the end of the
     4th week compared with...(control group)
'
    S.Sale,H.Parvez,R.Yeltiwar,G.Vivekanandan,

    Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 18(4):461-5, July 2014,

    DOI:10.4103/0972-124X.138690

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25210260/
 

H8  Effectiveness of CoQ10 Oral Supplements as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Improving
    Periodontal Health. This paper suggests purely supplemental Co-QC10 does not appear to reduce
    pocket depth, but it does reduce oral inflammation. 
S.Manthena,M.Rao,L.Penubolu,M.Putcha,A.Harsha,
    J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Aug; 9(8): ZC26-ZC28, Pub online 2015 Aug 1,
    PMCID: PMC4576635, PMID: 26436041, DOI 10.7860/JCDR/2015/13486.6291

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4576635/

​

H9  Aloe Vera: Nature's Soothing Healer to Periodontal Disease,
    'The study exhibited significant decrease in pocket depth...Aloe vera also contains vitamins A, C,
     E, B 12, folic acid. Vitamin C, which is involved in collagen synthesis, increases concentration
     of oxygen at the wound site because of dilation of blood vessels. Aloe vera penetrates and
     dilates capillaries going to an injured site, which improves healing.'

    G.Bhat,P.Kudva,V.Dodwad, J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011 Jul-Sep; 15(3): 205-209.
    PMCID: PMC3200013, PMID: 22028505, DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.85661
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3200013/

​

H10 Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tinnitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and
    Trial Sequential Analysis, 'We evaluated the efficacy of LLLT in patients with tinnitus by
    meta-analysis. The results showed no favorable effect of LLLT, regardless of the measurement
    method and technical parameters.
'
    C.Chen,C.Huang,C.Chang,Y.Cheng,
    Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 931; doi:10.3390/brainsci10120931, Dec 02-Dec-20
    PMID: 33276501, PMCID: PMC7761002, DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120931

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761002/pdf/brainsci-10-00931.pdf

​

H11 Combined Central and Peripheral Stimulation for Treatment of Chronic Tinnitus: a Randomized Pilot

    Study, 'We found that combined stimulation was effective in tinnitus treatment. This effect

    remained for 4 weeks after the end of the treatment. However, each of rTMS and LLLT alone had no

    significant effect.''...this is the first study to combine peripheral LLLT and central rTMS
    [Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationfor the treatment of chronic tinnitus. We found that a
    combination of both types of neural stimulations is a much more powerful non-invasive and safe
    method of treatment compared with the use of either stimulation alone
.'
    M.Thabit,N.Fouad,B.Shahat,M.oussif,
    Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, Vol.29 Iss3, March/April 2015, PP 224-233, Epub 15-Jul-14,

    PMID: 25030898, DOI: 10.1177/1545968314542616

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/1545968314542616

 

H12 The Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Hearing,

    '532nm & 635nm','No statistically significant effect of LLLT on auditory function was found.'
    S.Goodman,R.Bentler,A.Dittberner,I.Mertes,
    Dept of Communication Sciences & Disorders,University of Iowa, USA, 27-Mar-13

    ISRN Otolaryngology Volume 2013, Article ID 916370, 9 pages
    PMID: 24024040, PMCID: PMC3658388, DOI: 10.1155/2013/916370
    https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2013/916370.pdf

​

H13 The Effect of Photobiomodulation on Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review,
    Y.Nikookam,N.Zia,A.Lotfallah,J.Muzaffar1,J.Davis-Manders,P.Kullar,M.Smith,

     17 studies compared, 532nm, 635nm, 808nm, 810nm, 830nm, 908nm from 4 to 60 minutes over 5-28 days.

     Hearing outcomes following PBMT appear to be superior to no PBMT for subjects with

     hearing loss.''almost all studies to date have been conducted on animal models with only one
     conducted on human subjects
','Outcomes improved significantly when wavelengths within the range
     of 800–830nm were used, and with greater duration of PBMT exposure.
','NAC [N-acetylcysteine] may
     have a role in accelerating hearing improvement with PBMT 
[But NAC is banned]'.
    G.Bale,P.Boyle,R.Irving,D.Jiang,M.Bance,
    Clin Otolaryngol, 26-Oct-23
    PMID: 37885344 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14113 

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/coa.14113

 

H14 Low-Level Laser Therapy for Prevention of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Rats,
    '...rats were exposed to intense noise and their right ears were irradiated with an 808nm diode
    laser at an output power density of 110 or 165mW/cm² for a 30min period for 5 consecutive days.
    Measurement of the auditory brainstem response revealed an accelerated recovery of auditory
    function in the groups treated with LLLT compared with the non-treatment
'

    A.Tamura,T.Matsunobu,K.Mizutari,K.Niwa,T.Kurioka,S.Kawauchi,
    Neurosci Lett. 2015;595:81-6  19-Mar-15,
    PMID: 25797186, DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.031

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304394015002244?via%3Dihub

 

H15 Multiple roles of cytochrome c oxidase in mammalian cells under action of red and IR-A radiation,
    Includes an absorption graph for CCO showing the absolute peak of 760nm for 'relatively reduced
    CuB chromophore of 
[CCO]'. Other peaks are shown at 620nm, 680nm and 820nm. 

    T.Karu, Life Vol. 62, Iss 8, Pages: spcone, 573-645, August 2010, 28-Jul-10,
    DOI 10.1002/iub.359 Citations: 258
    https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iub.359

 

H16 Oral Consumption of α-Glucosyl-Hesperidin Could Prevent Lens Hardening, Which Causes Presbyopia,
    'Eye drops...for the treatment of presbyopia. However, the concentration of drugs reaching the lens
    are known to be very low as the lens is covered by the cornea and aqueous humour. Therefore, we
    reasoned that oral consumption of compounds that possess anti-presbyopia effects would be the
    optimum approach.','we previously reported that oral consumption of G-Hsd delayed the onset
    of cataract induced by sodium selenite [5]. So, we hypothesized that G-Hed could prevent
   lens sclerosis, and here we show that lens elasticity was maintained by G-Hsd treatment under
    the same experimental conditions
'

    O.Nakazawa,M.Aoki,Y.Doki,N.Morishita,S.Endo,N.Nagai,M.Funakoshi-Tago,H.Tamura,
    Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports Volume 25, March 2021, 10088

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405580820301953
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7773531/pdf/main.pdf

 

H17 Flower Pollen Extract and its Effect on the Urinary Tract; A Critical Review of Graminex Flower

    pollen extract for Symptomatic Relief of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in Men,
    W.Chambliss, University of Mississippi, University, Ms. 38677, 12-JAN-03

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Flower-Pollen-Extract-and-its-Effect-on-the-Urinary-Chambliss/4c1145f7311db44f87ff94e2893ca8ad53015273​

​

H18 Blueberry flavonoids inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity in DU145 human prostate cancer
    cells
'These findings indicate that flavonoids from blueberry possess the ability to effectively
    decrease MMP activity, which may decrease overall ECM degradation. This ability may be important
    in controlling tumor metastasis formation.
'
     M.Matchett,S.Mackinnon, NRC Canada; M.Sweeney, University of Prince Edward Island,
     K.Gottschall-Pass, University of Prince Edward Island
     Biochemistry and Cell Biology 83(5):637-43, DOI:10.1139/o05-063

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7531307_Blueberry_flavonoids_inhibit_matrix_metalloproteinase_activity_in_DU145_human_prostate_cancer_cells

​

H19 Effects of Oral Collagen for Skin Anti-Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

    S.Pu,Ya.Huang,Chi.Pu,Y.Kang,K.Hoang,K.Chen,C.Chen,
    Nutrients 2023 Apr 26;15(9):2080m PMID: 37432180 PMCID: PMC10180699 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092080

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37432180/

​

H20 Dietary flavonoids and the prevalence and 15-y incidence of age-related macular degeneration,

    G.Bamini,L.Gerald,K.Annette,F.Victoria,J.Nichole,L.Joshua,H.Jonathan,M.Paul,

    Various Universities, Australia, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,

    Volume 108, Issue 2, August 2018, Pages 381-387

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522029355?via%3Dihub

    'Researchers in Australia followed 2856 people over 15 years, recorded their food intake and
    calculated flavonoid consumption. They found that people who ate more foods containing flavonoids
    were 24% less likely to develop macular degeneration. In particular, those who ate more than one
    serving (one cup) of oranges a day, which are high in flavonoids, were 58% less likely to develop
    any macular degeneration. What’s even more interesting is that people eating more than one serving
    of oranges a week were 92% less likely to develop macular degeneration.'
   https://www.research.colostate.edu/healthyagingcenter/2019/01/31/an-orange-a-day-could-help-your-eyes/#:~:text=The%20New%20Findings&text=They%20found%20that%20people%20who,to%20develop%20any%20macular%20degeneration

​

H21 Regular use of fish oil supplements and course of cardiovascular diseases: prospective cohort study

    G.Chen,Q.Zhengmin,J.Zhang,S.Zhang,Z.Zhang,M.Vaughn,H.Aaron,C.Wang,G.Lip,H.Lin; Dept. Epidemiology,
    Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China,
    BMJ Medicine 2024;3:e000451. doi: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000451, open access

    This paper based on UK Biolabs trial of 415k UK citizens suggests fish oil supplements only
   improve the health of those with existing heart disease and actually increases the risk of stroke
    by 5% and irregular heartbeat by 15% for those in good health.

    https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000451

​

7.  INSTRUMENT & EQUIPMENT RELATED

​

I1  Alphabetically listed free manuals for many instruments

    http://web.mit.edu/8.13/8.13d/manuals

​

I2  Many free instrument manuals and modification documents
    http://www.hakanh.com/dl/kits.htm

​

I3  German website describing many instruments (site owner Ralf Richard Ohmberger)
    http://www.amplifier.cd/Test_Equipment/Messtechnik_Test_Equipment.htm

 

I4  Tektronix analogue oscilloscope history (and useful Tek links at the bottom)

    http://wikipedia/Tektronix_analog_oscilloscopes

    Tektronix 7000 series oscilloscopes and plugins, historical timeline and prices

    http://www.tek.com/Measurement/Support/scopes/faq/history.html
    https://w140.com/tekwiki/#Tek_History

​

I5  Cheap aftermarket alternative to Tektronix 067-0616-00 7k series plugin flexible extender
    http://ecosensory.com/tek/tek_7K_flex_sales_blurb.txt

​

I6  Tektronix part numbers together with a brief description of each entry
    http://www.davmar.org/temodel.html#tek

    http://w140.com/tekwiki/wiki/List_of_Tektronix_Part_Numbers 
 

I7  Tektronix magazines of yesteryear available for download

    http://w140.com/tekwiki/wiki/Tektronix_Magazines

​

I8  Tektronix article Fundamentals of signal integrity, page 13: '5 times rule', 26-Apr-12

    http://info.tek.com/rs/tektronix/images/54W-22137-X.pdf

 

I9  Tektronix Model 11 Pre-trigger pulse generator operating and service manual, 1960
    http://bee.mif.pg.gda.pl/ciasteczkowypotwor/Tek/111.pdf

 

I10 HP oriented site describing oscillators, function generators and pulse generators
    http://hpmemoryproject.org/wb_pages/wall_b_page_10.htm

​

I11 Useful site describing several high speed pulse generators from different manufacturers
    http://dabbledoo.weebly.com/pulse.html

​

I12 This is a great site for curve tracer basics
    http://www.microwaves101.com/encyclopedias/curve-tracer-measurements

​

I13 User guide for Rigol DS1100 inc. DS1102CD 100MHz 0.4GS/s DSO with logic analyser, 26-Oct-07

    http://masteram.com.ua/content_file/product/810624/DS1000_User's_Guide_DS1-071026.pdf

​

I14 Service manual for the Rigol DS1100 DSO series, 06-Jun-09

    http://frankshospitalworkshop.com/equipment/documents/workshop_equipment/manuals/Rigol_DS-1000_Digital_Oscilloscope_-_Service_guide.pdf

​

I15 Stellarnet EPP2000SR/Black Comet Super Range (200nm - 1080nm) spectrometer datasheet

    I bought a 12-bit Stellarnet EPP2000SR  parallel port controlled spectrometer, and later had it
    upgraded to 16-bits and a USB interface, and it came back in the form of a Black Comet SR. I have
    verified by measurement that the actual range is 190.0nm - 1085.5nm. 

    http://www.stellarnet.us/spectrometers/black-comet-sr

​

I16 Acton Research Corp. SpectraPro SP-275 triple grating spectrometer, undated

    http://ftp.piacton.com/Public/Manuals/Acton/SP-275_Obsolete.pdf

​

I17 Scitec 300CD optical chopper, 25-Jun-12

    http://www.scitec.uk.com/optical_chopper/pdf/model%20300%20optical%20chopper%20issue%201.0.pdf

​

I18 Wavelength LFI-3751 ±5A 40W TEC Temperature Controller, 02-Dec-08

    https://www.teamwavelength.com/downloads/datasheets/lfi3751man.pdf#page=1


I19 Wavelength LFI-4532 3.22A Laser Diode Driver, 02-Dec-08

    http://www.teamwavelength.com/downloads/datasheets/lfi4500.pdf

​

I20 Basic specification for Clare Elite 2 safety tester, 16-Jul-07

    ​​https://pdf.directindustry.com/pdf/seaward/clare-elite-datasheet/26669-154220.html

​

I21 Acton Research Corp. SpectraPro SP-300i triple grating spectrometer, undated

    http://ftp.piacton.com/Public/Manuals/Acton/SP-300i.pdf

​

I22 Tek instruments general database / 7k series oscilloscopes & plugins

    http://w140.com/tekwiki/wiki/Main_Page​

    https://w140.com/tekwiki/wiki/List_of_7000_series_equipment
 

I23 Tek Primer Fundamentals of Digital Signal Integrity P.13 sampling 5x rule Nov 2009

    https://download.tek.com/document/54W-22137-1.pdf

 

I24 HP 54854A 4GHz 20GS/s DSO datasheet, D02-Dec-05

    http://www.testequipmenthq.com/datasheets/Agilent-54854A-Datasheet.pdf

​

I25 â€‹â€‹Continuum Surelite Laser Operating and Service manual, 25-Aug-10
    http://www.librotienda.xyz/installations/kmx/operation-and-maintenance-manual-for-surelite-lasers.html

​

I26 Princeton Instruments 1997 Catalogue, 03-Apr-97

    ftp://ftp.princetoninstruments.com/Public/Manuals/Old%20Catalogs/speccat(d).pdf

​

I27 Princeton Instruments ST-1xx PDA Controller Manual, 30-Jun-98
    Page 37 - IRY-1024 (MCP for Sp-275)

    ftp://ftp.piacton.com/Public/Manuals/Princeton%20Instruments/Archived%20Manuals/ST-115_116_120_121%20Detector%20and%20Controller%20Manual.pdf

​

I28 Princeton Instruments Manual for the PG-10 Pulse Generator, 12-Jun-97
    Page 64 - IPDA info, Page 76 Laser/IPDA timing diagram

    http://ftp.piacton.com/Public/Manuals/Princeton%20Instruments/Archived%20Manuals/PG-10%20Pulser%20Generator%20Manual.pdf

​

I29 Tek TDS694C 3GHz 10Gss DSO datasheet, C11-Jun-99

    http://www.testequipmenthq.com/datasheets/TEKTRONIX-TDS694C-Datasheet.pdf

​

I30 Lyons PG73N 20MHz bipolar pulse generator service manual (photographed)

​

I31 Tektronix equipment catalogues, 1947 to 2000

    http://w140.com/tekwiki/wiki/Tektronix_Catalogs

​

I32 Stanford Research SR510 lock-in amplifier service manual, Rev 3.4, 2013
    Page 4 -'When left unterminated a PMT will very quickly charge a cable to a few hundred volts.
    To avoid this, provide a leakage path of ~100kΩ to ground inside the base of the PMT to prevent
    charge accumulation.'

    http://wearcam.org/sr510.pdf

​

I33 Useful site with lots of electronics links and instrument data including HP, Tek, on it
    http://www.davmar.org/elec.html
    http://hparchive.com/hp_equipment
 

I34 Manuals for GR-1658 & GR-1687 RLC bridges
    http://www.jptronics.org/GR/gr.manuals.html

​

I35 Manual for Coline HV15-HF [aka HP1137A] 15kV high voltage probe (photographed)
    The HP1137A is shown on page 56 of the 1991 HP catalogue:
    http://hparchive.com/Catalogs/HP-Catalog-1991.pdf

​

I36 Good info & good links on Tektronix 7T11 & 7T11A plugins
    https://groups.io/g/TekScopes/topic/7630948

    Converting a Tektronix 7T11 to a 7T11A for a 7854 oscilloscope (with purchaseable kit)
    http://www.perdrix.co.uk/7T11Conversion/index.htm
 

I37 Manual with schematics for E.C.Apparatus EC250-90 250V 500mA 125W electrophoresis power supply
    The Calibration procedure on page 12 hints 470kΩ is the maximum acceptable load resistance.

  http://www.frankshospitalworkshop.com/equipment/documents/laboratory_equipment/user_manuals/electrophoresis/Thermo%20Electrophoresis%20Power%20Supply%20250-90%20-%20Manual.pdf

​

I38 Many medical-related equipment manuals can be found at Frank's Hospital Workshop:

    http://www.frankshospitalworkshop.com/
    http://www.frankshospitalworkshop.com/equipment.html

​

I39 Tektronix Type 109 Pulse Generator User Manual (50V Ext 300V 250ps Risetime)

    https://w140.com/tekwiki/wiki/109

    https://bama.edebris.com/download/tek/109/tek%20109.v6.pdf

​

I40 Wavetek 154 Programmable Waveform Generator Service Manual (1mHz-10MHz, 1mV-10Vpk-pk), Jan 1983 

    https://bama.edebris.com/manuals/wavetek/154/

​

I41 Power Designs 2K-10 0-2kV 10mA Service Manual, 1967

    https://www.byan-roper.org/steve/manuals/Power%20Designs/Power%20Designs%202K-10.pdf

​

I42 Hi Lo Systems Prüfer-20 Digital IC Tester is on page 12 of their 1994-95 catalogue:
    http://matthieu.benoit.free.fr/all03/Hilosystems_catalog94-95.pdf

​

I43 I43a - ABI Master Compact Linear IC Tester Manual & Device Support List
    https://www.abielectronics.co.uk/Support/documents/LMCP%20manual.pdf

    I43b - Device List Ver LMC1.31 for Linear IC Tester (FEC) C01-AUG-02.pdf

    http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/307736.pdf

​

I44 Tek CRT Recording Cameras Brochure, 1973

    http://w140.com/tekwiki/images/8/80/CRT_Recording_Cameras_Brochure_1973.pdf

​

I45 270 pages of electronic test equipment models, many with photos

    https://www.davmar.org/temodel.html

 

I46 Ophir Laser Beam Analysis catalog C01-Jul-22

    https://www.ophiropt.com/laser--measurement/sites/default/files/Beam-Profilers-catalog_0.pdf

​

I47 Signal Hound USB SA44 spectrum analyser manual C03-Sep-10
    http://599.cz/storage/USB-SH44_manual.pdf

​

I48aTime Electronics 9822 Multicalibrator datasheet C19-Aug-09
    https://www.timeelectronics.com/assets/upload/download_centre/documents/discontinued/9822-datasheet.pdf


I48bTime Electronics 982x Multicalibrator datasheet C14-Feb-13
    https://xdevs.com/doc/Time_Electronics/9823/1360859989Time_Electronics_9821_Multimeter-Calibrator_datasheet.pdf


I49 A (DIY) replacement levelling head for the Tektronix SG504 (with purchaseable kit)
    http://www.perdrix.co.uk/SG504Head/
 

I50 Students Guide to the MiniOne PCR Amplifier & DNA Electropheresis Units C16-Feb-22 

    https://theminione.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/M6010-Taste-of-Genetics-Student-Guide-031622_compressed.pdf

​

I51 Students Guide to PCR Amplification C02-Jul-18

    https://theminione.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/M6001-M6002-PCR-101-Students-Guide-020718.pdf

​

I52 Students Guide to the MiniOne Electrophoresis Unit C07-Feb-18

    https://theminione.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/M3001-Electrophoresis-101-Students-Guide-020718.pdf

​

I53 Instruction Manual for the MiniOne DNA Electrophoresis Unit C18-08-18.pdf

    https://theminione.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/MiniOne-Electrophoresis-Instruction-Manual-051818-WEB.pdf

​​​

I54 Instructions for DNA extraction C04-Apr-16.pdf

    https://www.scribd.com/document/410119658/HB-0573-003-1101195-PCard-RNY-Plus-Micro-0316-WW-WEB

​

8.  MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

​

M1  Thread sizes and tap drills (e.g. Tri-Tronics F-A-72T FO thread 5/16-24 can use a 7mm drill)

    http://www.harveytool.com/secure/Content/Documents/Tap_Drill_Chart.pdf


M2  How to recognise Imperial threads, and links to related articles:

    https://arunfasteners.co.uk/blog/unc-unf-or-unef/

    https://www.accu.co.uk/p/454-imperial-thread-chart-for-imperial-bolt-sizes
    Thread size downloadable poster:

    https://i.accu.co.uk/documents/marketing/Imperial-Thread-Size-Sheet-V2.pdf

​

​M3  Minimum Bend Radius For Sheet Metal: Reference Table & Calculator

    https://xometry.pro/en-uk/articles/sheet-metal-bend-radius-table-calculator/

​​​​​

​

9.  SOFTWARE

 

S1  The neat customisable Screen Calipers app

    http://www.iconico.com/caliper

​

S2  Magnevation Phrase-A-Lator software for the SpeakJet phonetic sound generator chip
    http://magnevation.com/software.htm

​

S3  Laseview laser beam profiling app

    http://en.symphotony.com/products/laseview5

​

S4  Free MS HLP file to RTF file converter HELPDECO and its variants
    http://www.oocities.org/mwinterhoff/helpdeco.htm

​

S5  C language header files for 229 Microchip PIC18F µCs (NOT PICC)

  http://blogattach.naver.net/099c15a6bdeded311dfa99ae94700e7ad1817c9f7f/20120625_270_blogfile/kikbest_1340623715739_516Bzf_zip/header8e.zip

    List of included headers: https://m.blog.naver.com/kikbest/10141686266

10. SCIENTIFIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

​

U1  S.I. Unit - International System of Units
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units

​

U2  Dielectric constants and equations
    http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/dielectric-constants-strengths.htm

​

U3  Dielectric constants of many more materials
    http://www.clippercontrols.com/pages/Dielectric-Constant-Values.html

​

U4  Definition of oersted, magnetic field strength & relation to amperes/metre
    http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/ampere-per-meter-A-m-Oe-oersted

​

U5 'For general scientific use, thermal conductance is the quantity of heat that passes in unit time        through a plate of particular area and thickness when its opposite faces differ in temperature

    by one kelvin.' (for reference, 0.063 W/m/°C = 0.036BTU/hr ft°F), 17-Apr-11
    http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Thermal_conductivity.pdf

​

U6 'For a plate of thermal conductivity k, area A and thickness L this is kA/L, measured in W/K.'
    http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-d_429.html

​

U7  Gas Mark and cooking units of measurement

    http://www.godecookery.com/goderec/equiv.htm
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking_weights_and_measures

​

U8  Excellent interactive Periodic Table here:

    http://www.ptable.com

​

U9  Glass fuse identification, colour codes and numbering / selection

    https://www.swe-check.com.au/pages/learn_fuse_markings.php
    BS1362A: A fuse must carry 1.6x rated current; a fuse must blow at 1.9x rated current in < 30 mins

    https://www.pat-testing-training.net/articles/fuse-operation-characteristics.php

​

11. ARCHIVED WEB PAGES (printed to pdf)

​

W1  Claude Lyons (also Berco) variac model history.pdf
https://www.claudelyons.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=155:variable-transformers-timeline&catid=24:product-pages&Itemid=106

W2  A very useful page describing empirical methods for determining flash lamp parameters
    https://pe2bz.philpem.me.uk/Lights/-%20Laser/Info-903-LightInfo/xeguide.html

​

W3  The Iwatsu TS-81000 (TS80600=600MHz) is a 1GHz scope with a CCD scan converter & LCD screen
    https://www.iti.iwatsu.co.jp/en/products/ss/ts81000/ts_spec_e.html

​

W4  Coaxial cable signal loss (attenuation) and other properties see also [E49]
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200220132743/http://www.bcar.us/cablespec.htm

​

W5  Standard EIA decade resistor values

    https://www.logwell.com/tech/components/resistor_values.html

​

W6  DIY UV to VIS converter using inorganic phosphor powder

    http://uvirimaging.com/2016/07/03/diy-shortwave-uv-image-converters-for-solar-blind-and-ruvis-imaging/#more-159

​

W7  Excellent info & diagrams of ear biology Yamaha

    https://uk.yamaha.com/en/products/contents/proaudio/docs/audio_quality/04_audio_quality.html

​

W8  How to calculate metabolic rate & required protein level

    https://www.verywellfit.com/protein-recommendations-for-exercise-1229792

DOCUMENTS

​

​

DATASHEETS & STANDARDS

ELECTRONICS

GENERAL INTEREST

INSTRUMENT & EQUIPMENT RELATED

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SOFTWARE

SCIENTIFIC UNITS

ARCHIVED WEB PAGES

bottom of page