10. Flash Lamps and Arc Lamps
The project uses flash lamps and arc lamps for laser excitation rather than modern laser diodes because the purchased laser resonators use flash lamps and arc lamps which are far cheaper.
Furthermore flash and arc lamps are a mature design meaning they have been developed as far as possible to maximise light output at wavelengths best suited for mature laser families such as Nd:YAG and ruby.
Generally arc lamps are used for CW lasers and flash lamps exclusively for pulsed lasers. The project is mostly concerned with flash lamp pumped laser rods, but some experimental sections use arc lamps because the rods they came with were designed for arc lamps, and will saturate too readily with flash lamps.
Another factor favouring flash lamps is they are available with energy emission densities far exceeding
solid state alternatives. Semiconductor pumps are still a relatively immature design and with the exception of 808nm suited for Nd:YAG, are generally limited in wavelengths that share the same absorption peaks for other laser types. High power LEDs and diode lasers are also expensive and usually ESD sensitive, and although flash lamps were more expensive in their era, nowadays bargain lamps often come up on eBay.
Flash lamps are harder (and more dangerous: HV / explosion risk) to drive than laser diodes, but there is an abundance of information available to assist the design of drive circuitry, particularly in catalogues from flash lamp manufacturers, see bottom of this page for several excellent guides.
This section references those guides, reproduces their equations, and provides the rationale for the design of the drive electronics for the flash lamps used in the project.
Below, from Wikipedia, subtle differences between a laser arc lamp and a flash lamp.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_lamp
Arc lamp
Flash lamp
The main visible difference between the lamp types, is the anode (positive end) of an arc lamp has an electrode with a point on the end whereas both electrodes on a flash lamp have generally rounded ends.
The cathode on the above arc lamp has a noticeable flat end but I have seen variants of this that are rounded like a flashlamp. I have found the majority of lamps on eBay are arc lamps. Below, a close up of the electrodes of arc lamps typically found on eBay:
ARC LAMPS
Arc lamps are initially started by a short pulse of high voltage, after which the arc is maintained by a relatively low dc voltage at a high current. If drive specifications are given, they might say something like 114V, 14A, another easy hint it is an arc lamp. Arc lamps are often used to produce continual high intensity light for scientific purposes however they have a relatively short life and are expensive to replace.
FLASH LAMPS
Flash lamps produce a much higher intensity burst and are typically used for photographic applications. They are usually excited by a short pulse of much higher voltage on a third electrode consisting of a very thin wire wrapped around the length of the glass tube. A very high voltage pulse, perhaps 10kV - 20kV is applied to this electrode, ionising the lamp.
Although intended for short pulse operations, once ignited a flash lamp can be kept in a semi-excited state by the provision of a small current at an elevated voltage until it is ready to be fired again.
The section of its power supply that provides this is called a 'simmer'. This mode is often used with lasers because it extends the life of the flash lamp by reducing the amount of stress the lamp would suffer if it had to fire again from a 'cold' state.
Often the third electrode is missing, partly because a flash lamp can be self-excited by exceeding a certain voltage on its two electrodes. Another reason might be the flash lamp is contained in a liquid cooled metal chamber that also houses the lasing rod, and the metal assembly itself can be the third electrode. Usually the coolant is de-ionised water, see [Cooling Loop] which does not conduct electricity, so this approach is less dangerous than might at first appear.
FLASHLAMP SELECTION
Ordinarily you would select a flash lamp based on its specification but a DIY laser typically has to make do with whatever is available that is affordable and the priority is finding a cheap one that provides enough energy and given their delicate nature, it is wise to buy several.
New flash lamps are usually very expensive but bargains can be found on eBay. However typically these have no specification and all that is known is the part number that typically is in no catalogue on the internet. Often not even a part number is given. It is possible to drive these lamps, but the very nature of the process - explosion energy - means caution must be applied, although it is possible to reverse engineer them empirically to determine their impedance.
With the emergence of low cost Nd:YAG medical lasers on eBay from China, there is now a glut of Chinese flash lamps as well on eBay but given their perceived lower quality, I have not gone this route. Instead, I looked to eBay for ex-USSR flash lamps from Russia and the Ukraine. These used to be very cheap, e.g. a 2k joule flash lamp could be had for $30 in 2017 but recently sellers cottoned on to the hobbyist laser market and nowadays they are almost as expensive as American flash lamps on eBay. However there is a difference: although crude in design, often the specification and driving voltages are presented, and there are still some bargains, particularly for lower power lamps, such as the 800 Joule IFP-800M which can be had typically for $9 (2019).
Dr Mike Finnley selected the IFP-800 for his DIY ruby laser after first rejecting the INP-80:
[O57] '...I ordered a few INP-80 Russian lamps but they seem to have an optical coating and they didn’t work. Finally I got a hold of three INF-800 (again Russian) tubes. No visible optical coating (good) and the ruby lases beautifully with them.' The spec for the IFP-800 also states it has has an optical coating to cut off UV, so I doubt this is the culprit. Interestingly, the spec (below) suggests it illuminates for 20ms vs the normal 1-3ms expected of a flash lamp, but there is no way of telling if this is a maximum figure for the discharge circuit, or a parameter of the flash lamp.
Originally I planned on using non-conductive PFC liquid, see [Cooling Loop] to cool the flash lamps, which meant I would be able use a conventional wire round the tube as the trigger, and parallel triggering. Now they are to be water-cooled, either the trigger wire will need to be outside the flow tube and a much higher trigger voltage used, or more complex serial triggering will be required.
Flash lamp self-ignition from increased voltage is not an option due to its non-linear operation; it would also necessitate higher voltage rating capacitors, increasing expense. The maximum input voltage specified for the EG&G TR-132C trigger transformer is 400V with 20kV peak output, but its primary isolation voltage is not stated. However if the secondary is rated to 20kV, I imagine I could increase the primary voltage significantly since LIBS laser use is very low.
FLASHLAMP PARAMETERS
Empirical method for determining flashlamp parameters
The following information was derived from this very useful page describing empirical methods for determining flashlamp parameters. I am interested in this for my unknown EG&G flashlamps.
[W2] https://pe2bz.philpem.me.uk/Lights/-%20Laser/Info-903-LightInfo/xeguide.html
'These guidelines work best for flashtubes with inside diameters ranging from 2mm to 10mm.
EG&G ELECTRO-OPTICS DIVISION LASER PUMP FLASHTUBES and use of inductors with flashtubes of known impedance characteristic.
These flashtubes usually have a high xenon pressure of 450 Torr. These flashtubes are intended to be operated with series inductors. Flashtubes have a significantly non-linear resistance, described with a resistance characteristic they refer to as "K", having units of ohms-amps^.5. The resistance in ohms is K divided by the square root of the current in amps. This is only valid at higher currents and at higher energy levels. The resistance will be higher than K/sqr(I) during the beginning of the flash, since it takes a few mJ per cubic mm to warm up the xenon fill to approaching a typical operating temperature of about 5500°C.
The inside diameter ("bore") is 2mm less than the tubing's outside diameter for any of these tubes with outside diameter of 4mm to 15mm.
Xenon flashtubes in general, and especially these, have a "K" value of:
1.28 times the arc length in millimeters, divided by the tubing inside diameter in millimeters.
In the event the xenon pressure is known but of a pressure other than 450 Torr, then multiply K by
(pressure/450 Torr)^.2 to correct it for pressure. That is no misprint - K is proportional to pressure raised to the 1/5 power! So if you have only a rough idea what the pressure is you can get a fairly good idea of what K is.
The usual design procedure is to pick an energy level and a flash duration. For a flash duration from 10µs to 10ms, the maximum energy the flashtube can withstand is 3.5 Joules, multiplied by the arc length in millimeters, multiplied by the inside diameter in millimeters, multiplied by the square root of the flash duration in milliseconds.
The maximum safe energy is less than the above indicates for flash duration longer than 10ms and may also be less for flash duration under 10µs. It is generally recommended by EG&G to not exceed 30% of this in order to get really long flashtube life and a good chance that the tube will not eventually fail catastrophically. These tubes are known to explode.
With the energy and desired flash duration known, the capacitance *in Farads* needed is:
(.09102*E*t^2*K^-4)^(1/3) (from the EG&G flashtube catalog but simplified.)
(I have a computer model which calls for 15% more capacitance than this.)
Where:
E is the energy in Joules,
K is the impedance characteristic,
t is the approx. time *in seconds* at which the flashtube current is in excess of 1/3 of its peak value (the nominal flash duration).
The voltage (in volts) required is 1.414 * sqr(E/C).
The recommended series inductor is: 2.44 * C * K^4 / V^2
(From EG&G's catalogue, reworked to be in terms of C, V, and K.)
(My computer model recommends 16.5% less.)
where:
V is the initial storage capacitor voltage if there is no resistance besides that of the flashtube.
You will need more inductance to account for extra resistance and K being higher during the first few mJ per cubic mm of the discharge.
If C is in Farads, inductance is in Henries. You can use µF with this formula and get inductance in µH.
If you know the resistance of the inductor, wiring, and the capacitor's internal resistance, then the appropriate inductor according to my computer model is:
2.04 * C * ( A*R + (K^2 /V))^2.
A is about .9 to .95 if R is small compared to K^2/V,
and about .8 to .85 if R is about the same as K^2/V.
Of course, you should verify proper actual operation before finalizing the inductor.
Since these flashtubes have a higher xenon pressure than usual, they require higher trigger voltages. EG&G recommends 15kV for flashtubes with 450 Torr pressure and arc length no more than 100mm and inside diameter no more than 4mm, 20kV for longer arc lengths up to 230mm and larger tubing inside diameter up to 7mm.
I believe somewhat lower trigger voltages will usually work for external triggering, something like
2kV + ~1 kV/cm of length plus external diameter if this is lower than EG&G's recommendation.
Maximum average power: 0.125 watt times the arc length in mm, times the inside diameter in mm.
Multiply whatever you get by 3.75 if the flashtube is the version optimized for convection cooling.
For really substantial forced-air cooling, multiply by 7.5 instead of 3.75 regardless of the flashtube model.
[No mention of water-cooling...]
EG&G recommends a minimum voltage of 300V plus 100V/inch of arc length (3.93 volts/mm).
These flashtubes will work without inductors, but with a substantial reduction in maximum safe flash energy. They will work with my original guidelines above, except that the voltages have to be increased by approx. 30% - 50% and the minimum energy for efficient flashing must be at least doubled due to the higher-than-usual xenon pressure.'
FLASH LAMP DRIVERS
The Perkin Elmer flash lamp catalogue [D28, bottom] gives example driving circuits for flash lamps.
Good general info here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashtube
https://www.repairfaq.org/sam/laserssl.htm
FLASH LAMP DRIVER CIRCUIT
EXTERNAL TRIGGER
Initially I had planned to use PFC coolant which at the time I understood to be inert and therefore able to allow the multi-kV trigger terminal to be submerged without fear of electrocution so I could use a simple external trigger transformer: a PE TR-132-C I had acquired for $20 [D29, bottom of this page].
However further research in [Cooling Loop] revealed PFC incompatibility with many plastics and hotspots could lead to poisonous gas emissions, ruling it out. Conventional de-ionised water also has materials issues. Given the relatively low pulse rate of LIBS, I settled for plain or distilled water, but this meant I could no longer submerge the trigger. Instead I would need a high voltage pulse induced on its positive electrode using a series trigger transformer.
Fortunately there are several alternative ways of driving a flash lamp by instead inducing high voltage ignition spikes onto its electrodes. This is usually referred to as series injection driven, and
E25] Perkin Elmer's Design Considerations for Triggering of Flash lamps by Alex D. McLeod provides several circuits.
SERIES INJECTION TRIGGER
The conventional series trigger transformer carries both the working voltage to the lamp as well as inducing a high voltage spike to start it but is large and heavy as its secondary must support both the induced pulse as well as the normal high voltage, high current ionisation voltage across the lamp. The PE TS-146-A [D31 & bottom of this page] looks like a good choice for experimentation as it supports 1500V and primary currents up to 660A, but it may be a while before I'll see one of those on eBay.
PSEUDO-SERIES INJECTION TRIGGER
[E25] Pseudo-series driver circuit 5d is an elegant alternative and seems the best choice. The trigger transformer again only has to carry a small current to ignite the lamp, and is capacitively coupled to its anode which is powered through a high voltage high current rectifier, for which I am sure I could use a relatively cheap IXYS module, and also run a simmer PSU in parallel with it.
DRIVE SELECTION
Good general info here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashtube
https://www.repairfaq.org/sam/laserssl.htm
SIMMER SUPPLY
A simmer increases lamp life by an order of magnitude by keeping the lamp at sufficient potential for it to 'tick over', much the same way incandescent traffic lights are always on, just not visibly so when they are 'off'.
However the added complexity of a simmer supply may not be justified for a LIBS system that employs no more than 7 consecutive pulses at any time.
I need to determine the failure rate of single pulse flash lamp use vs dual pulse enhancement; multi-pulse up to 7 is also possible.
MULTIPLE FLASHLAMPS
Multiple flash lamps can be used for a single rod, typical configurations being two flash lamps either side of the rod: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_pumping
If they are wired in series they will require twice the voltage. If they are wired in parallel they may need some form of resistive equalisation to compensate for differing lamp excitation voltage, therefore series is the better solution.
From [O53] http://donklipstein.com/xeguide.html
'You will probably want to use an oscilloscope to display the storage capacitor and/or flashtube voltages during a flash. If the voltage dips below zero (reverses polarity), you need less inductance. If the discharge dies with the voltage staying well above zero, you want more inductance.'
PULSE FORMING NETWORK
Somewhere I saw a description saying (multi-mesh) square pulse produces a higher temperature, leading to earlier flash lamp demise, vs Gaussian current curve but I can't find it now. Probably of little relevance since multi-mesh is a universally accepted drive mechanism.
Is multi-mesh better for Nd:YAG than ruby?
gadgets4u comment:
'...ruby is 3 level laser system. This means you need to make sure you give it as much pump as you can in that 3ms or you lose everything else, ideally it should be dumped to saturation in 1ms or less. In contrast, Nd:YAG can be pumped with nearly any lamp (even a CW arc lamp) and lase, when the time is up or your atom lases, your atoms are reloaded so to speak and can be easily re-excited without too much trouble. The only exception is if you q-switch it, then you are trading the average power for peak energy. You need to hit ruby hard and fast with lots of violet and green light. That bluer spectrum you need comes with lower cap values, higher voltage, and shorter pulse duration.'
LHC PROJECT EG&G FLASH LAMPS
'The "gold standard" for flash lamps has been EG&G / Perkin Elmer (now part of Excelitas). but many other companies make similar lamps.' http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/lasercps.htm
Some typical specifications for EG&G flash lamps: http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/laserssl.htm#sslegg
I think I have identified my EG&G flash lamps as similar to [E18] Perkin Elmer catalogue Page 25,
'QXF series - liquid cooled xenon filled high average power medium peak power':
Overall Outer Inner Arc Ko Explosion Max Avg Max Avg Operating Trigger
Length Dia Bore Length Ω-A^0.5 Energy Ke Watts Amps Min Max kV Pulse
215mm 8mm 6mm 125mm 26.7 184000W 4713W 1100A 800V 2800V 16 1ms
Their only differing features are their engraved serial numbers, also on the box ends:
In March 2022 I acquired 3 new EG&G FXQSL-487-6 lamps from eBay USA for $60 including shipping & import, a real bargain, although as usual I could find no mention of them on the net. The only reference I found for the FXQSL series was in Sam's Laser, relating to the famous SSY-1 Nd:YAG laser in the Abrams M-1 tank
rangefinder.
John Green [The Beginning, DIY LIBS Systems] very plausibly suggests 'the SSY-1 moniker was perhaps a typo from someone unfamiliar with DOD nomenclature who saw one of these with its identification partly obscured (ASSY-1xxxxxxx)'.
Anyway, back to Sam's laser and Shawn West (west007@libcom.com):
'I spoke to Jim McMann (sp?) from Perkin Elmer (EG&G) about the flash lamp in mid-December, 1999. His phone number is 1-800-950-3441. At that time, he thought the flash lamp was an FXQG-264-1.4. From what I have found out since then, there are two EG&G flash lamps that could have been used for the SSY1. The first is the FXQG-264-1.4. This flash lamp is made from titanium doped quartz that cuts off UV wavelengths below about 225nm. The second is the FXQSL-559-1.4. This flash lamp is made from cerium doped quartz that cuts off UV wavelengths below about 320nm. I don't know which one was originally used.' http://repairfaq.cis.upenn.edu/sam/laserscl.htm#sclss1s
The arc length on mine is around 6" (the 1.4 on the end of the part number above has to be the arc length, so it looks like the -6 in mine is referring to a 6" arc). The acronym CDQ is used to describe cerium doped quartz, I wonder if in fact the 'S' in FXQSL refers to samarium, as this is the additive that blocks transmission below 320nm for Nd:YAG, whereas cerium admits a small peak around 250nm and is better suited for ruby, see [Project Lasers, Flow Tubes]. That said, up until now I've only discovered samarium doped flow tubes, not flash lamps, and the mysterious 'L' remains unsolved: liquid cooled?
MORE FLASH LAMP DETAILS TO FOLLOW
EX-USSR FLASH LAMPS ON EBAY
I extracted the following specifications for USSR flash lamps from multiple eBay auctions.
If I remember correctly, around 2017 a number of Ukrainian and Russian sellers began offering old ex-USSR ruby rods, at first only used ones with a few defects from use (the point at which they would be replaced), then new rods appeared too.
The original Russian datasheet descriptions often contain the following generic statement:
'This lamp pulsed direct body glow and foil current output is intended for optical pumping of the active elements of lasers, which are produced for the needs of the national economy. Discharge pulse tube lamp straight is designed for optical pumping of solid-state lasers.'
The IFP series has the following statement:
'Gas-discharge sources of high-intensity optical radiation - pulsed lamps of the type of IFP-lamps of the IFP-800, IFP-5000, IFP-5000-2, ICP-5000 used for direct pumping of solid-state lasers, photos and filming.'
Key
I = impulse. [D = arc lamp I think]
N = for pumping lasers, S = Strobe, F = ?
P = dimensions e.g. INP-18/250 = diameter / length in mm = 18mm arc bore / 250mm arc length
A = water cooling. e.g. INP-18 / 250A
Summarised comparison
From above, Don Klipstein's simple equation for calculating Ko:
1.28 x arc length (mm) / arc bore (mm), assuming 450 Toor; calcs in green below:
Part No. Overall Outer Inner Arc Ko Explosion Nominal Max Avg Max Av Operating Self Trig
Length Dia Bore Length Ω-A^0.5 Energy Ke Energy Watts Amps Min Max Ignite kV
EG&G QXF 215mm 8mm 6mm 125mm 26.7 184000W 4713W 1100A 800V 2800V ? 16 1ms
INP3-7/80A 304mm 13mm 7mm 80mm 14.6 ? 4000W 1400A 600V 1700V 2500V 20
IFP-800 304mm 13mm 10mm 80mm 10.2 800J 500W ? 700V 1750V 2500V 16
IFP-2000 290mm 18mm? 128mm 2000J 600V 2000V? ?
IFP-5000 470mm 22mm 11mm 250mm 29.1 5000J 2000W 1300V 2250V 3500V 25
Individual parameters from eBay auctions of Ex-USSR flash lamps
INP3-7/80A (80mm arc)
INP-80 Russian lamp didn’t work for [O57]; I can find no 'INP-80' so I assume this is the same model?
Filling gas Xenon
Lamp length 304mm
External diameter 13mm
Arc length 80mm
Arc bore 7mm
Gas pressure 450 - 500 Torr
Permissible discharge energy <= 1800J
Discharge duration 20ms
Average power <= 4.0kW
pulse repetition rate not > 500Hz
Own breakdown voltage 2500V
Light output 90° to lamp 1000 cd*s
Peak voltage pulse ignition <= 20kV
Arc operating current <= 3A Simmer max?
'duty arc scheme' current 1.2 ± 0.2A at >= 1200 V Simmer nominal current?
Simmer ignition pulse @ 100k load >=25kV & <= 30kv
Simmer ignition pulse @ 1k load >= 3kV
Operating current 1400A
Operating voltage 600V - 1700V
Lifetime 100k pulses
Brand Svetlana
Liquid flow >=10L/min with 1-4mm between lamp and cooling jacket
UV filter coating Yes
The transparency of the coating in the UV part of the radiation spectrum is not more than 10%
*The specified illumination values are provided at lamp operation in the following mode:
Allowable voltage 580V
Storage capacitor 2400µF
Light intensity pulse duration 4000±800µs
Light output 90° to lamp 700cd*
The following webpage provides some more information, as follows: http://donklipstein.com/xea.html
A photo is provided there, showing the arc differences for the different pressure types:
'I have seen what appears as two different xenon pressure versions of both of these flash lamps, with discernibly different discharge characteristics when tested on a neon sign transformer.
UPDATE 8/5 2018 - I will soon post a photo that shows various markings on these lamps that *may* correlate with the xenon pressure...my preliminary estimates of xenon pressure are 450-480 Torr for the higher pressure version and 200 Torr for the lower pressure version.
'My preliminary estimate of Ko is 14.2 Ω-A^.5 for the higher pressure version and 12.1 Ω-A^.5 for the lower pressure version. If you don't know which version you have, I recommend designing for
3.5 Ω-A^.5.'
Here is an English version of the Russian datasheet: http://donklipstein.com/inp3780a.txt
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IFP-800 (80mm arc):
Filling gas Xenon
Lamp length 304mm
External diameter 13mm
Arc length 80mm
Arc bore 10mm
Self-discharge voltage 2500V
Optimum operating voltage 900V
Self-discharge voltage 2500V
The optimum operating voltage 900V
Nominal voltage 700V - 900V
Self-breaking voltage 2500V
Energy power output 400J-800J
Average power 500W
Pulse frequency 0.1Hz
Pulse duration 0.55ms - 65ms
Ignition External
Peak ignition voltage 16-24kV
Load resistor 100kΩ
Cooling Natural and liquid
Flow rate 5 - 8L/min at an inlet temperature of <= 20°C
Light output 90° to lamp 2500 kd*s
Note: two versions of these are offered. The IFP-800M is the latest version. M means Modified version with improved parameters and extended life. This is therefore the one to get.
Here is an English version of the Russian datasheet: http://donklipstein.com/ifp800.txt
[O57] '...the ruby lases beautifully with them.' It's also a perfect match for the LHC 75mm ruby rod.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IFP-2000 (128mm arc)
Lamp length 282mm
External diameter ?
Arc length 128mm
Arc bore ?
Filling gas Xenon
Ignition External
Maximum energy 2000J
Ignition voltage 600V
Voltage sonoprobe - 2000V
Light output 90° to lamp 4 CD.c/J
Cooling Convection and forced air
Cooling air flow rate >= 10m/s
Perfect size for my 120mm ruby rod, but like the EG&G flash lamps, far too powerful for my ruby needs despite its inefficiency as a lasing medium - I only need 0.5 to 1J.
On ebay.com (USSR) they sold for $20 in 2018 but in 2019 they all want $80 or more.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IFP-5000 (250mm arc)
For filming and direct pulsed optical pumping of the active element GLS9P (6) 12x260, GLS 1 340-45mm ruby rod laser 240-16mm of a technological installation (LTU) Quantum 16 and Quant10 laser pulsed welding
Working voltage 2250V
Flash energy 5000J
Number of outbreaks 10000
Working voltage of 1500V
Flash energy is 6000J
Number of flashes is 5000
The IFP5000-2 lamp has an improved cathode portion compared to the IFP5000 lamp.
Gas-discharge sources of high-intensity optical radiation - pulsed lamps of the type of IFP-lamps of the IFP 800, IFP 5000, IFP-5000-2, ICP-5000 used for direct pumping of solid-state lasers, photos and filming.
For filming and direct pulsed optical pumping of the active element GLS9P-6 260-12mm, GLS-1 340-45mm ruby rod laser 240-16mm of a technological installation (LTU) Quantum 16 and Quant10 laser pulsed welding
I think INP 18/250 = IFP-5000 as it is described as Pulsed lamp INP 18/250 (IFP5000):
Working voltage 2250V
Flash energy 5000J
Number of outbreaks 10000
Working voltage 1500V
Flash energy 6000J
Number of flashes 5000
(The IFP5000-2 lamp has an improved cathode portion compared to the IFP5000 lamp).
INP 18/250A (250mm arc)
The pump lamp is designed for [water-cooled] pulse pumping of active elements of solid-state lasers.
Maximum operating current 5000A
Operating voltage 1300V - 5000V
Amplitude of the ignition pulse 25kV
Average power limit is 2000W
Diameter of the discharge channel 18mm
Length of the discharge channel 250mm
The outer diameter of the lamp 22.6mm
Total length 450mm
Nominal length of the quartz part 450mm
Minimum length of the cooling zone 420mm
Distance electrode end to stem spout 160mm
Spout height rod INP-18/250A 3mm
Diameter of the electrode 7.1mm
Length of the electrode 25mm
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IFP-5000 (arc 250mm)
IFP5000 tube laser pumping flash photo light xenon lamp USSR
Impulse lamp IFP-5000 for photo and filming and direct impulse optical pumping of the active element GLS9P 12x260 laser technological unit (LTU) Quantum 16 and Quantum 10 laser pulse welding
Filling gas Xenon
Lamp length 47cm (18.50")
Lamp diameter 1.4cm ( 0.55")
Distance between electrodes 25cm ( 9.90")
Lighting part dimensions 11×250mm
External dimensions 22×470mm
Minimal discharge voltage 1500V
Self-breaking voltage 3500V
Working voltage 2250V
Energy of flashes 5000J
Number of flashes 10000
Resistance 0.4Ω
Nominal discharge energy 5000J
Maximal discharge energy 8500J
Nominal voltage 3000V
Average power 500W
Pulse frequency 0.1Hz
Pulse duration 800µs
Peak ignition voltage 25kV
Cooling Water-cooled
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IFP-8000 (arc 250mm)
IFP8000 tube laser pumping flash photo light xenon lamp USSR
Unfortunately I have no idea what the difference is between mode A & Mode B
Filling gas Xenon
Lamp length 47cm (18.50")
Lamp diameter 2.4cm ( 0.95")
Distance between electrodes 25cm ( 9.90")
Lighting part dimensions 16×250mm
External dimensions 24×470mm
Minimal discharge voltage V ?
Self-breaking voltage V ?
Working voltage 2600V
Energy of flashes mode A 6000J / mode B 8000J
Number of flashes mode A 25000 / mode B 20000
Resistance 0.3Ω
Nominal discharge energy J ?
Maximal discharge energy mode A 13000J / mode B 18000J
Nominal voltage 3000V
Average power mode A 200W / mode B 266W
Pulse frequency Hz ? 'from 30'
Pulse duration mode A 800µs / mode B 1500µs
Peak ignition voltage 25kV
Cooling Water-cooled
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FLASHLAMP CATALOGUES & DESIGN INFO